Chocolate’s key ingredient comes from the cacao (kuh-KOW) tree. This evergreen tree grows in tropical rainforests. It produces football-shaped fruit, called cacao pods.
When the pods are ripe, farmers remove the seeds, known as cacao beans. These beans are fermented. During this process, tiny living things called microbes break down sugars, making the beans less bitter.
Next, cacao beans are roasted and ground into a paste. Chocolate makers mix the paste with ingredients like sugar and milk and warm it until it turns to liquid. Finally, the liquid chocolate is poured into molds, where it cools and hardens.